![]() The other countries followed China's formal ritual in order to keep the peace with the more powerful neighbor and be eligible for diplomatic or military help under certain conditions. The other states had to send a tributary envoy to China on schedule, who would kowtow to the Chinese emperor as a form of tribute, and acknowledge his superiority and precedence. It involved multiple relationships of trade, military force, diplomacy and ritual. The tributary system of China or Cefeng system was a network of loose international relations focused on China which facilitated trade and foreign relations by acknowledging China's predominant role in East Asia. Suzerainty is a practical, de facto situation, rather than a legal, de jure one.įurther information: Tributary system of China List of tributary states of China and Emperor at home, king abroad While a sovereign state can agree by treaty to become a protectorate of a stronger power, modern international law does not recognise any way of making this relationship compulsory on the weaker power. Although the situation has existed in a number of historical empires, it is considered difficult to reconcile with 20th- or 21st-century concepts of international law, in which sovereignty is a binary concept, which either exists or does not. Suzerainty differs from sovereignty in that the dominant power allows tributary states to be technically independent, but enjoy only limited self-rule. While the rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, and the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty. ![]() While the subordinate party is called a vassal, vassal state or tributary state, the dominant party is called a suzerain. Suzerainty ( / ˈ s uː z ər ə n t i, - r ɛ n t i/) includes the rights and obligations of a person, state or other polity which controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state, but allows the tributary state internal autonomy. Not to be confused with Sovereigntism or Sovereignty.
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